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St Melangell's Church, Pennant Melangell
St Melangell's Church, Pennant Melangell is a small parish church located on a minor road which joins the B4391 near the village of Llangynog, Powys, Wales. It houses the restored shrine of Saint Melangell,〔Monacella, "little nun" is the Latin form of her name.〕 reputed to be the oldest Romanesque shrine in Great Britain.
==History==
The church of St Melangell is set in a circular churchyard, possibly once a Bronze Age burial site, ringed by ancient yew trees, which may also predate the Christian era. It sits at the foot of a breast shaped hill,〔(Cheryl Straffon, ''The Goddess in the Landscape of Wales'' )〕 at the edge of the road on the edge of the Berwyn mountains. Also located at the site is the restored shrine of St Melangell, which is reputedly the oldest Romanesque shrine in Britain, dating from the early 12th century.〔Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust〕
The shrine is known for the story of St Melangell,〔Melangell is one of four named saints whose legends are told in W. Jenkyn Thomas, (Juliette Wood, introduction and appendix)''The Welsh Fairy Book'', (Cardiff, 1995), and William Eliot Griffis, ''Welsh Fairy Tales'', (World Library reprint, 2007) ch. 1 "Welsh rabbit and hunted hares". She was included for the first time in the ''Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' in the 1997 edition.〕 who is said in the ''Historia Divae Monacellae''〔Huw Price, "A new edition of the ''Historia Divae Monacellae''", ''Montgomeryshire Collections'' 82 (1994:23-40).〕 to have hidden a hare〔Transformation into hares is a feature of Celtic mythology, notably in Welsh mythology where ''gwiddonod'' (witches) have this ability.〕 in the folds of her cloak to save it from the hounds of Prince Brochwel of Powys: "the pursuing hounds, presumably aware that Melangell's body radiates sanctity, cower and refuse to go near the animal," Jane Cartwright notes, adding, "the power of her virginity protects the creature, since feminine sanctity and virginity are inextricably linked".〔Jane Cartwright, "Virginity and chastity tests in medieval Welsh prose", Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans and Sarah Salih, eds. ''Medieval virginities'' 2003:56-79, p. 60. "〕 Though he encouraged his dogs, they could not be urged forward while the virgin remained at prayer, and when his huntsmen went to blow his horn, it stuck to his lips. So impressed was Brochwel by the beauty and courage of this virginal〔The emphasis on virginity in Welsh hagiography is examined by Jane Cartwright, "Dead virgins: feminine sanctity in medieval Wales", ''Medium Aevum'' 71 (2002:1-28).〕 young girl, who had fled from Ireland to avoid a forced marriage, that he gave her the land in the valley where her church still stands.〔(Ven. Archdeacon Thomas, "Montgomeryshire screens and roodlofts" ), ''Archaeologia Cambrensis, The Journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association'', Vol. III, Sixth Series, London, 1903, p. 109]〕 The hares were locally called "Melangell's lambs".〔Griffis, Thomas, Wood.〕 Thus like Oudoceus, and Cybi's goat, Melangell "won territory and rights of sanctuary through such animals." "Until the seventeenth century no one would kill a hare in the parish," Agnes Stonehewer remarked in 1876,〔Agnes Stonehewer, "The Legend of St. Monacella", a preface to her blank verse "Monacella: a poem" (London: Henry King & Son) 1876.〕 "and much later, when one was pursued by dogs, it was firmly believed that if anyone cried 'God and St. Monacella be with thee!' it was sure to escape." The hare is also noted as the animal with local sanctity, that must not be killed in Pennant Melangell, by N. W. Thomas in 1900.〔Thomas, "Animal Superstitions and Totemism", ''Folklore'' 11.3 (September 1900):227-267) p. 240; see also Elissa R. Henken, "The Saint as Secular Ruler: Aspects of Welsh Hagiography", ''Folklore'' 98.2 (1987:226-232) p. 229.〕
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